Mystery of the Megavolano

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.       Approximately how many years ago did a supervolcano bring fire, famine and death to a quarter of the globe, and may even have plunged the planet into an ice age?

A.      100,000

B.      50,000

C.     75,000

D.      85,000

2.       There are more than ________active volcanoes on Earth; about _________ erupt every year.

A.      2000 / 100

B.      1000 / 100

C.      1000 / 200

D.      1000 / 50

3.       Billions of tons of which material was discovered on a flat, icy tundra, less than 1,000 miles from the North Pole which lead scientists to believe that something cataclysmic took place?

A.      Oil

B.     Sulfuric Acid

C.      Granite

D.      Petrified Wood

4.       Volcanic ash from every eruption is unique based off of its:

A.      specific mixture of rock fragments and minerals

B.      volcanic ash

C.      magma

D.     All of the above

5.       During an eruption what allows for the production of lava?

A.      water and gases trapped in the magma explode with tremendous force.

B.      the original source rocks from which these magmas derived.

C.      magma forces its way up through cracks to the surface of the Earth allowing volcanic gases to escape from the magma easily.

D.    The atmospheric temperature.

6.       Westgate was surprised to find volcanic ash 4000 miles apart from each other in which the chemistry of the ash was very, very similar because:

A.      Volcanic ash is rarely spread farter apart than a few hundred miles.

B.      Volcanic ash is rarely spread farter apart than a fifty miles.

C.      If a single volcano were responsible for all this ash, its eruption must have been more powerful than any in recorded history.

D.     A & C are correct.

7.       In what year did the Laki volcano erupt?

A.      1783

B.      1785

C.      1795

D.      1800

8.       Who was one of the first to link volcanic eruptions and climate?

A.      Greg Zielinski

B.      Mike Rampino

C.      John Westgate

D.      Benjamin Franklin

9.       Where is the volcano Pinatubo located?

A.      Iceland

B.      Philippines

C.      North Pole

D.      Greenland

10.   Why did the study team choose to examine Pinatubo?

A.      Its location

B.      Its capability of explosive volcanic eruptions

C.      the overall composition of its volcanic ash

D.      All of the above

11.   What was unique about the landscape of Lake Toba?

A.      Depth

B.      Erosion

C.      Composition of the elements in the water

D.      All of the above

12.   What are the telltale signs of a volcanic eruption?

A.      Pumice

B.      Ash

C.      Dead trees and vegetation

D.      A & B

13.   Active supervolcanoes exist in all of the following locations except?

A.      Lake Toba

B.      Long Valley in eastern California

C.      Mount St. Helens

D.      Yellowstone National Park

14.   Based on ash sample analysis, Yellowstone's supervolcano has erupted how many times?

A.      One

B.      Three

C.      Four

D.      Five

15.   How long did Chesner think that it might have taken to accumulate all the magma that was beneath

       Toba?

A.      1,000,000  years

B.      2,000,000 years

C.      500,000 years

D.      250,00 years

16.   How did Lake Toba fill with water?         

A.      Natural spring

B.      Rivers feeding into the lake

C.      Thousands of years of rain

D.      A & B

17.   How many miles away from a Super volcanic eruption could you be and still have fatal injuries

       without respiratory protection ?         

A.      100

B.      500

C.      750

D.      Over 1000

18.   Toba had a major role in causing 1,000-year climate change that lasted at least 1,000 years.

       What was the climate change know as?

A.      Toba Fallout

B.      Volcanic Winter

C.      Sulfuric Winter

D.      Tobian Ice Age

19.   What entity simulated historical eruptions in order to research the cooling effects of the

      earth due to a super eruption?    

A.      NASA

B.      FEMA

C.      DNR

D.      Department of Homeland Security

20.   Toba could have pushed the planet towards an ice age, because:         

A.      Exponential cooling caused snow

B.      The snow caused a reflective surface which literally had a snowballing effect

C.      Glaciers advanced and the temperature of the oceans fell

D.      All of the above

21.   When oceanic surface temperatures cool it has a significant impact on the climate partially because

       the ocean covers _______ percentage of the earth’s surface.           

A.      70

B.      50

C.      80

D.      75

22.   Where is the world’s largest known magma chamber?            

A.      Lake Toba

B.      Yellowstone

C.      Pinatubo 

D.      Long Valley in eastern California

23.   How deep is Yellowstone’s magma chamber?            

A.      Nearly 5 miles

B.      Nearly 3 miles

C.      Nearly 4 miles 

D.      Nearly 6 miles

24.   Yellowstone erupts about every 600,000 years which means that it is due to erupt?            

A.      in 40,000 years

B.      40,000 years ago

C.      in 60,000 years  

D.      60,000 years ago

25.   Volcanology is:            

A.      The study of volcanoes

B.      A really young science

C.      Can assist in predicting or forecasting volcanic eruptions in the future  

D.      All of the above