Assignment 13

Answer any four of the questions. Due date is next class period.

1. What are the interrelationships among the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the muscular system, and the nervous system?

2. Define the terms dyspnea, apnea, orthopnea, and give examples of each.

3. Calculate the minute respiratory volume and alveolar ventilation rate, given the following information: tidal volume = 525 ml, breathing rate = 10 breaths per minute, physiologic dead space = 150 ml.

4. What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on the respiratory system?

5. Compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. What is the primary event common to both of these diseases?

6. While driving on a long, winter vacation in the twenty-year old family car, you discover that your son and daughter are complaining of severe headaches. Upon further investigation, they seem confused and exhibit a cherry red complexion. What could be a possible cause of their symptoms, why is the condition dangerous and what do you do next?

7. Compare the chemical mechanisms of external and internal respiration.

8. If the upper respiratory passages are bypassed with a tracheostomy, how might the air entering the trachea be different from air normally passing through this canal? What problems might this cause for the patient?