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Why are people with nephrotic syndrome, in which plasma proteins
are lost into the urine, more susceptible to infectious diseases? How does the
loss of plasma proteins into the urine affect NFP?
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If the blood pressure of a patient who is in shock as a result
of a severe injury decreases greatly, how would you expect the volume of urine
to change? Why?
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Urinary excretion is based on glomerular filtration, tubular
secretion, and tubular reabsorption. Compare and contrast what is going on in
each of these stages. What three mechanisms regulate glomerular filtration rate?
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Explain how the kidneys produce dilute urine. Describe the
countercurrent mechanism. When during a normal day (24 hours) would you expect
the urine to be most dilute and why?
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Define urinalysis and explain what a normal urinalysis would
reveal. Include what the normal values would likely be.
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A 35-year old female on a high calcium diet has complained of
dull persistent pain in the lower back and flank for several days. She exercises
daily but fails to replenish water lost through urination and perspiration on a
regular basis. This morning she awakened with intense pain in the abdomen. A
routine urinalysis reveal a significant hematuria but no WBCs. What is
hematuria? What may be a likely diagnosis? Describe a treatment.
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Name and describe the locations and major parts of the digestive
system. Include the general functions of each digestive organ and accessory
organ.
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List in a table the digestive enzymes, their sources, and their
actions.
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Why is it advisable to relax after eating a meal? Involve in
your answer the effects of the autonomic nervous system and the circulatory
system on digestion.
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Describe the four basic tissue layers of the GI tract. Include
in your answer their structure and function.
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Assume that you have labeled a fat in a glass of milk. Also
assume that you have the technology available to tract that fat fat throughout
the body. Describe the path that would be taken by the fat particle from the
mouth to the aorta. In your answer be sure to indicate how the fat particle
moves from one area to the next.