Unit 2
Objectives
MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objectives for Anatomy and Physiology are:
- To compare and contrast the various systems of the body.
- To identify the structures on models and specimens.
- To be able to discuss the functions of the systems and structures.
- To discuss the internal and external impacts on the human body.
- To show the interrelationship between structure and function of the entire organism.
Specific objectives for unit two:
- Respiratory System
- List the general functions of the respiratory system.
- Name and describe the locations of the organs of the respiratory system.
- Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system.
- Describe the events that cause inhalation and expiration.
- Name and describe each of the respiratory air volumes and capacities.
- Explain how alveolar ventilation is calculated.
- List several non-respiratory air movements and explain how each occurs.
- Locate the respiratory center and explain how it controls normal breathing.
- Describe the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.
- Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.
- Explain how and why cells use oxygen.
- Urinary System
- Name the organs of the urinary system and describe their general functions.
- Describe the location of the kidneys and the structure of the kidney.
- List the functions of the kidney.
- Trace the pathway of blood through the major blood vessels of the kidney.
- Describe a nephron and explain the function of its major parts.
- Explain how glomerular filtrate is produced and describe its components.
- Explain how various factors influence glomerular filtration rate and how GFR is regulated.
- Discuss the role of tubular reabsorption in urine formation.
- Describe a countercurrent mechanism and explain how it helps concentrate urine.
- Define tubular secretion and explain its role in urine formation.
- Define urinalysis and other tests of kidney function.
- Describe the structure of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Discuss the process of micturation and explain how it is controlled.
- Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
- Compare the locations of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid and the main electrolytes found in each.
- Describe the buffer systems employed by the body and give an example when each type would be used.
- Define alkalosis and acidosis and compare situations when each would occur.
Readings: Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology
Chapters 23, 26, 27
© 2015 George Wawrzyniak. All Rights Reserved.
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