NatSci 201 - Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 1

Objectives

MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objectives for Anatomy and Physiology are:

  • To compare and contrast the various systems of the body.
  • To identify the structures on models and specimens.
  • To be able to discuss the functions of the systems and structures.
  • To discuss the internal and external impacts on the human body.
  • To show the interrelationship between structure and function of the entire organism.

Specific objectives for unit one:

  • Introduction to the Human Body
    • Define anatomy & physiology. Explain how they are related.
    • Define homeostasis and explain the effects of stress on homeostasis.
    • Contrast the effects of a negative and positive feedback systems.
    • Explain what levels of organization mean.
    • Define the anatomical position and compare common and anatomical terms used to describe various regions of the body.
    • Define the directional terms and anatomical planes used in association with the human body
  • Chemical level
    • Distinguish between matter and energy.
    • List the properties of water.
    • Define pH and explain the role off a buffer system as a homeostatic mechanism that maintains the pH of a body fluid.
    • Describe the biomolecules.
  • Cellular Level
    • Define a cell and its internal structures and those structure’s functions.
    • Describe the various passive and active processes by which materials move across plasma membranes.
    • Define a gene.
    • Describe the steps that occur during mitosis and meiosis.
  • Tissue level
    • Define a tissue and classify the tissues of the body into four major types.
    • Describe the structure and function of the three principle types of cell junctions.
    • Describe the general features of epithelial tissue.
    • List the structure, location, and function of the various types of epithelium.
    • Define a gland and distinguish between exocrine and endocrine.
    • Describe the general features of connective tissue.
    • Discuss the cells, ground substance, and fibers that compose connective tissue. List the structure, function, and location of the various types of tissues mentioned in the chapter.
    • Define an epithelial membrane.
    • Contrast the three types of muscle with respect to structure, location, and modes of control.
    • Describe the structural features of nervous tissue.
    • Describe tissue repair in restoring homeostasis.
    • Describe the effects of aging on tissues.
  • The Integumentary System
    • Describe the anatomy and physiology of skin.
    • Explain the basis for skin color.
    • Compare the anatomy, distribution, and physiology of the glands.
    • Explain the role of skin in maintaining homeostasis.
    • Describe the effects of aging on the integumentary system.

Readings:      Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology
                        Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

 

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