NatSci 201 - Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 4

MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objectives for Anatomy and Physiology are:

To compare and contrast the various systems of the body.
To identify the structures on models and specimens.
To be able to discuss the functions of the systems and structures.
To discuss the internal and external impacts on the human body.
To show the interrelationship between structure and function of the entire organism.

Specific objectives for unit four:

Describe the protection, gross anatomical features and cross-sectional structure of the spinal cord.
Describe the functions of the principal sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord.
Describe the components of a reflex arc and its relationship to homeostasis.
List and describe several clinically important reflexes.
Describe the composition and coverings of a spinal nerve.
Describe a plexus and their position and distribution of nerves of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.
Describe spinal cord injury and list immediate and long-term effects.

Identify the principal parts of the brain and describe how the brain is protected.
Explain the formation and circulation of spinal fluid.
Describe the blood supply to the brain and the blood-brain barrier.
Compare the structure and function of the brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum and cerebellum.
Discuss the various neurotransmitters found in the brain.
Define a cranial nerve and identify the 12 pairs of cranial nerves by name, number, type, location, and function.
Describe the effects of aging on the nervous system.

Compare the structural and functional differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Identify the principal structural features of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Compare the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS in terms of anatomy, physiology, and neurotransmitters released.

Readings: Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology
Chapters 12, 13, 14, 16