NatSci 201 - Anatomy & Physiology

Unit 5

Objectives

MAIN OBJECTIVES
The main objectives for Anatomy and Physiology are:

• To compare and contrast the various systems of the body.
• To identify the structures on models and specimens.
• To be able to discuss the functions of the systems and structures.
• To discuss the internal and external impacts on the human body.
• To show the interrelationship between structure and function of the entire organism.

Specific objectives for unit five: 

• Sensory, Motor, and Integrative System
  • Define a sensation and discuss the levels and components of sensation.
  • Describe the classification of receptors. List the location and function of receptors for tactile sensations, thermal sensations, and pain.
  • Distinguish somatic, visceral, referred, and phantom pain.
  • Identify the proprioceptive receptors and indicate their function.
  • Discuss the neuronal components and functions of the posterior column-medial lemniscus, anterolateral, and spinocerebellar pathways.
  • Describe the integration of sensory input and motor output.
  • Compare the location and function of the direct and indirect motor pathways.
  • Compare integrative functions such as memory, wakefulness, and sleep.
• Special Senses
  • Locate the receptors for olfaction and describe the neural pathway for smell.
  • Identify the gustatory receptors and describe the neural pathway for taste.
  • List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural divisions of the eyeball.
  • Discuss image formation by describing refraction, accommodation, and constriction of the pupil.
  • Discuss the anatomical subdivisions of the ear. List the principle events in the physiology of hearing. Identify the receptor organs for equilibrium and how they function.
• Endocrine System
  • Define the components of the endocrine system and discuss the functions of the endocrine and nervous systems in maintaining homeostasis.
  • Describe how hormones are transported in the blood and how they interact with target cell receptors.
  • Explain the two general mechanisms of hormonal action.
  • Describe the release of hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
  • Describe the location, histology, hormones, and functions of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal, and thymus glands.

Readings: Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology
                        Chapters 15, 17, 18

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